What’s flowering now: July in Cornwall

It’s been a long time since I last blogged. There’s been a lot going on.

But my house and garden is now pretty much how I want it, and I feel ready to write again now and then. Maybe even more than once a year!

One of my most successful plants this year has been this Erynigum planum, a close relative of sea holly. I bought from Rosy Bee plants, a specialist seller of plants suited to pollinators. Like foxgloves, it only flowers once every two years, so I am enjoying it while I can.

I am lucky as my front garden is south facing and gets sun nearly all day just outside my window. I’ve put out a bench and next to it this big pot with the Eryngium, where I can sit and watch the bees visiting it. Even from inside the house I can hear their buzz when the window is open! I was pleased to see this unusual looking bee come, a fast mover with a shiny black abdomen and fuzzy orangey-brown thorax. Helpful people on one of the UK bee facebook groups tell me it is Andrena thoracica, which mostly sticks to coastal areas around southern England and Wales.

Although this Erynigum planum plant is described as sea holly on the Rosy bee website, apparently it is actually a close relative of actual sea holly, which I have seen on the Cornish cliffs:

Sea holly

Another very popular plant with the pollinators in my garden just now is Verbena bonariensis (also sold at Rosybee, but they are not paying me commission!). I have lots of cabbage white butterflies visiting its tall open blooms and also bumble bees. A red tropical looking flower has self seeded next to it and I love the dramatic colour combo of red and purple.

Verbena

Then a huge patch of geraniums has taken over one flower bed in the back garden now, but I don’t mind as they are pretty, flower for months and bees are over them all day.

Common carder bee on geranium

Some of my garden visitors are easier to love than others, but I was impressed by this mother spider’s instincts. She stayed around her nursery web for a few days guarding it until the tiny baby spiders were big enough to disperse. Now the bees have the hebe plant all to themselves.

What flowers are the bees in your gardens enjoying right now? I’ve stopped keeping bees myself for the time being but have done a little beekeeping this year anyway, helping a friend who had this tiny swarm gathered around a mated queen – they would have about filled a coffee mug poor things.

Tiny swarm suspended over canoe

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What’s flowering now: early-mid June in Cornwall

There’s been a starvation alert sent round by the BBKA this week – “ I don’t think anyone can have failed to notice that the weather has not lived up to expectations so far this season. We have heard from many beekeepers that they have inspected colonies recently which are at major risk of starvation.”

Bearing this in mind, what have bees got to feed on at the moment? Bramble (blackberry) flowers are about, which will be helpful. A couple of weeks ago I took the photos of giant vipers bugloss below, which bees of all kinds seem to love. 

Giant viper’s bugloss
Echium pininana, commonly known as the tree echium, pine echium, giant viper’s-bugloss, or tower of jewels
Giant viper’s bugloss
Echium pininana close up

The foxgloves and oxeye daisies are doing really well in my garden this year. I often see a bumblebee bottom disappearing up a foxglove bell. The oxeye daisies are visited by delicate metallic beetles which shine in the sun. And this week I saw a new visitor – the bee-fly. I noticed this curious creature because it hovers like a hummingbird in front of flowers, but has spindly legs like a spider and a long tongue like a moth. Very fast and hard to photograph by the way.

Bee-fly

Bee-fly

Foxgloves
Holly looking at foxgloves

In the same patch of flowers a drone fly was aggressively dive bombing any bees that it saw, including big bumbles. It is supposedly a honey bee mimic, but it doesn’t remind me of honey bees. It looks more like a drone honey bee of course, as they have larger eyes to spot queens with.

Aggressive drone fly

Foxgloves and ox-eye daisies
Foxgloves and ox-eye daisies

In the last couple of months I’ve gained an elderly ginger cat called Tigerbun. I have a bait hive set up for bees, but so far all it has attracted is some spiders and Tigerbun, who sits atop it sunning himself. There have been reports of swarms about so who knows, I may get lucky.

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Bee maths infographics

I’ve been doing some more playing around with the Visme infographic maker and produced these as a little reminder for myself of some ‘bee maths’. Memorising the number of days it takes for an egg to hatch, the larva’s cell to be capped over and the new bee to emerge is very helpful for a beekeeper.

For instance, if you see one egg at the bottom of the cell that tells you a queen has been laying eggs in the past three days (multiple eggs per cell might be either a new queen just getting started, or more likely laying workers).
Honey bee maths infographic

These two charts below were my first attempt, before I discovered a more suitable template in Visme. I prefer the look of the charts below but think it’s more practical to have it all in one horizontal chart.

Many thanks to David at The Apiarist blog, whose post Timing is everything was very helpful for reminding myself of some of these timings!

Are there any more timings I should add in, that you find helpful when beekeeping?

Honey bee maths infographic Part 1Honey bee maths infographic Part 2

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Bee hives infographic

I’ve been playing around with Visme and made this infographic, based on hive count data from the National Bee Unit. This data is based on voluntary data supplied by UK beekeepers, so is likely to be an underestimate – but it’s hard to know how much of an underestimate! To give you an idea though, the British Beekeeping Association (BBKA) say they look after “28,000” hobby beekeepers, whereas in 2022 the National Bee Unit had 11,000 beekeepers complete the hive count. There are of course also feral colonies in places like old tree trunks and chimney cavities, but not many people are counting those.
Bee hive numbers infographic

I came up against WordPress wanting people to buy an upgrade before they can use JavaScript plugins, so I’ve just screenshotted the infographic and added it as an image! You can see the full version at: bee infographic.

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The Magic of drone congregation areas

Notes from a talk by Dr Stephen Fleming – co-editor of Beecraft magazine; he keeps his bees on Watership Down.

Back in October Stephen spoke to a group of us gathered for the Cornwall Beekeepers’ Association and West Cornwall Beekeepers’ Association annual conference. I meant to write about it sooner but then life got in the way!

It was a lovely talk, all about drone congregation areas (DCAs) – places high up in the sky where male bees (drones) gather to find queens. You can read Stephen’s perfectly named article ‘The Scilly game of drones’ on the Beecraft website, where he talks about whether drones will cross the choppy Cornish seas in search of a queen.

Stephen told us that the first person to document DCAs was the famous naturalist Gilbert White, in his diary ‘A Natural History of Selborne – Observations’ – 28 June 1792. He picked the sound up a year before his death, even when his hearing was bad. White could hear a loud audible humming of bees as he walked, without being able to see them.

The sound is still there today. A recording made by Stephen on the same down that White walked was played on Paddy O’Connell’s show, BBC Radio 4 (25th June 2017) – on the 225 year anniversary of Gilbert White hearing it. If you have a listen from 41 minutes in you will hear the incredibly clear sound of the drones.

Drone face
A handsome drone

It is believed RI Crowley in 1892 was the first person to realise that the phenomenon was a DCA.

The talk included a number of gorgeous clips of the drones flying in congregation. One was from ‘More than Honey’ (2012) by Markus Imhoof, which I’d forgotten I reviewed back in 2013! Stephen then went on to answer a series of questions he posed:

How do they know where to go?

How the drones choose a DCA is still a big mystery. There are a number of theories:

  • Magnetism?
  • Polarised light?
  • Light intensity?
  • Thermals – air rising up a slope?
  • Pheromone trails?

Don’t forget, drones only live a few months on average, so older drones are not showing younger drones where to meet. There must be some instinctive behaviour that lures them to these locations in search of virgin queens. Stephen feels thermals are at least one of the factors involved.

How many drones in a DCA?

Stephen mentioned that a formulae you can use to estimate the number of drones in a DCA will be in a Beecraft magazine issue soon. A couple of estimates he has made ranged between 1,782-2,045 in one area and 2,051-2,554 in another.

He went on to tell us how to go hunting for DCAs ourselves…

What you need

  • Synthetic 9-ODA, painted onto a queen cage (he said that unfortunately this is not easy to get, however you only need a tiny amount!)
    Or a spare caged queen
  • Extendable carbon fishing rod, 3-4 metres long
  • UAV drone (radio controlled drone)

Preparation

  • OS map
  • Google Earth
  • Knowledge of local apiaries
  • Look for grasslands rather than woods, as it is easier to see the DCAs without tree canopies

When to go

Stephen has found 3-5pm is the peak in the DCAs he visits in southern England, with the drones arriving first before the queens. However, other beekeepers he knows in Northumberland have said their peak time is earlier – around lunchtime. He feels it’s possible people researching DCAs may tend to generalise too much based on their own experiences, whereas there may be a lot of regional variations based on local geography.

In his experiences, the ideal summer’s day for DCA finding is 19C+ temperature, with a breeze. He will go out looking for them between 2-5.30pm. There are only a few of these ideal days each year. On days without a breeze he does not find DCAs; his theory is that drones prefer to fly into a breeze as it gives them better control over their flight.

Have you ever come across a DCA? It must be a wonderful sound to hear on a beautiful summer’s day.

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Back to beekeeping

It’s been a long time. A lot has happened. I’ve moved house. I’ve sold my bees, caught a swarm, given that away, nearly given up on bees completely, and then started going to meetings at my local association apiary, about twenty minutes drive away in mid-Cornwall.

Me in beekeeping suit

Back in my suit!

I miss my bees and it’s been fantastic watching the bees being inspected. Two weeks ago I spotted a new queen and one of the tutors marked her in this year’s colour, red. I’ve now been asked to become a tutor myself and show complete beginners inside a hive, taking them through the basics of the differences between worker, drone and queen, the parts of the hive, and how the colony works.

The apiary sessions remind me of the lovely Ealing apiary, with its friendly bunch of beeks and plentiful supply of cake. Yesterday we had both Victoria sponge and lemon drizzle, plus tea. The association has a good system where anyone who wants tea brings their own mug and then takes it home with them, avoiding one person getting stuck doing all the washing up afterwards!

Newbee friends of mine

I’ve also been trying to make my new back garden more bee and wildlife friendly. I’ve let parts of the grass grow long, and been rewarded by the sight of butterflies dancing over it. The butterflies seem particularly fond of some long grass I have in my similarly sized front garden. After just six months of not cutting it, wild strawberries, plantains, foxgloves and yellow rattle are growing there.

Back garden

Back garden – now

Old back garden

Old back garden – last autumn

I took the bottom photo in September last year – nearly a year later, many things have almost doubled in size!

I bought some plants from Rosy Bee, a UK company who specialise in plants for pollinators. I have a bare but sunny bit at the top of my front garden which has really poor soil, so I thought I might as well try some wild flowers out there. I got the beautiful sea Holly, Lambs ear (a fave from my old house) and Ox eye daisy as it’s known for being a tough plant that’s good at filling space. I also found out one of my neighbours is a gardener who sells plants, and she has supplied me with rosemary, Michaelmas daisies and sage.

The front garden already had a large patch of mallow flowers, which both honey bees and bumbles have been enjoying. It leaves them with a dusting of white pollen on their backs.

Honey bee on mallow flower

Honey bee on mallow flower

After a stressful couple of years, I am starting to get the buzz back for this special hobby 🙂

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The arrival of the bees

A couple of months ago, I put a bait hive out in my garden. An empty National brood box, apart from a dark old brood comb pushed to one side and some lemongrass oil smeared on the walls. Then I waited.

At first… nothing. But then… I saw some bees coming in and out, inspecting the empty premises. The next day, it was clear something was afoot. More and more bees could be seen around the entrance, until the air in my garden was filled with masses of humming bees. I went and stood outside, looking at the sheer number of them. You can see them against the white wall in the photos below.

The swarm descends

The swarm descends

Bees fill the air

Bees fill the air

But often life is not easy, and so this was not quite as simple as I was hoping. The bees had come to me – fantastic – but they’d also landed not inside but under the bait hive.

Bees under the hive

Swarm under the hive

The next day, I went out in my beesuit and attempted to gather them up. I used some highly specialist equipment for this job – a bee brush and a bucket. Although this was obviously an easy place to gather a swarm from, it still meant a bit of squeezing myself under the picnic table, hovering holding the bucket with one hand while brushing the bees in with the other as gently as possible.

Just in the space of about 24 hours, they’d made the beautiful, pristine comb below, which the swarm was gathered on under the table. The wax is produced by glands in their abdomen, which they then chew and manipulate into the perfectly formed honeycomb shapes using their mandibles. Pretty amazing when you think about it.

Fresh comb

Freshly made new comb

My first attempt failed and the bees quickly reverted to hanging out under the table. I realised I must not have gathered up the queen, so they had all returned to her.

On my second attempt, I tried to make sure to get almost every single bee. This time the bees lined up on top of the frames, lifted their bottoms and fanned their Nasonov glands, which I took as a good sign. They were telling the other bees that this was now home.

Putting the bees in the hive

Putting the bees in the hive

A couple of months later, the bees are still here. I have named the new queen Lowen, which means ‘Joyful’ in Cornish.

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What’s flowering now – Cornwall, April 2022

Some photos of the flowers I’ve seen out and about in Cornwall and in my garden over the last couple of weeks. I like to see what’s in flower and available for the bees.

Below is my miniature apple tree. I mainly see hoverflies and bumbles visiting this. Honey bees tend to favour big collections of one type of flower, so this wee tree is probably not worth it for them.

Apple flowers

One of the first bees of the year I see in my garden is the enchantingly named female Hairy-footed flower bee . I always see them on the deep blue flowers of lithodora, which they will visit all day until the early evening. I say ‘see’ them but I usually hear them first, as they’re noisy little bees and very fast, efficient movers – which is why my photo is blurry!

Female hairy footed flower bee

Female hairy footed flower bee

Below is the male hairy footed flower bee, which I first start seeing a couple of weeks after the females. They visit the lithodora flowers too.

Male hairy footed flower bee

Male hairy footed flower bee (Anthophora plumipes)

Bluebells, daffodils and primroses grow in profusion in Cornwall. I can’t recall seeing as many primroses anywhere else I’ve lived in the UK. Most of the primroses are yellow, but there are some pink blooms too.

Bluebells and daffodils

Bluebells and daffodils

Primroses

Primroses

I went for a walk along the coast by St Mawes, where a variety of white flowers decorated the verges.

The ones below are not wild garlic, although they smelt very garlicky! Wild garlic flowers have a more star-like, upright shape.

Three cornered leek

Three cornered leek

Think these flowers below are three-cornered leek, which can be identified by the green stripes inside their flower. An edible plant which can be used like spring onions.

Three cornered leek

Three cornered leek

Below are stitchwort flowers, these grow along hedgerows and in woodland

Stitchwort

Stitchwort

Sadly my bees, having survived the winter, somehow became queenless around March. I’m now bee-less for the first time in years. I will probably put out a bait hive soon as the bee year is beginning again. I still answer emails for my local association and the queries about swarms and bees in chimneys are just starting!

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Bees in January

And so we’re in 2022… another year for us… but the first and only winter for my bees. Huddled in their nest, resting their wings, winter bees tend to live longer than summer bees. But still their life-span is measured in months, not years.

On any dry day this winter, my colony has continued to be active, flying and finding yellow and orange pollens. In the photo below (taken a week or so ago) I’ve found one returning with bright orange pollen. I’m not seeing much in flower, so am not sure what this might be. Possibly willow or mahonia? Gorse flowers all year round here, but I rarely see bees on that. Bristol beekeepers have a good pollen guide showing the UK pollens available in different seasons: Pollen guide

Bee entering hive with pollen

I did an oxalic acid trickle over the Christmas holidays to treat for varroa (the bees were not feeling in a Christmassy spirit towards me!).

They still have plenty of fondant up above the crown board. I see some of them nibbling away at it when I check on them every couple of weeks. I also find wood lice and the occasional slug enjoying the warmth above the colony.

Something that surprised me recently was seeing honey bees visiting the moss on my roof. From my attic window I can lean out and see the different mosses up close. I’d never paid much attention to moss before, just seeing it all as soft green lumps. It took me a little while to realise that actually a few different species live up on the roof, with a variety of velvety textures and shapes you would never guess at looking up from the ground. This side is south facing and so even in these chilly winter months some of them appear to be flowering, with tiny light green flowers sticking up on stalks.

Were the bees finding tiny amounts of nectar? Or perhaps drinking from water collected in the moss? It’s hard to know.

Moss

 

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Bees – off!

Some of my longer-term readers may remember that I had bees in my chimney stack. This had turned into a tricky problem, with quotes of £4,000+ to remove them and reseal the chimney. It wasn’t even my fault (honestly!!) as when the swarm first moved in my own bees were based around four miles away. The bees just found me.

Well, I found a solution! I joined a Facebook group called UK Bee Removers. Where I then noticed a lady called Molly from Bees Off based in Cornwall. I’m so pleased to have found someone local, who could do the whole job for us. She organised all the scaffolding and rehomed the bees in her own apiary based in central Cornwall. She then resealed the tiny crack in the chimney stack where the bees had got in, so that it won’t happen again.

Molly from Bees Off

Molly from Bees Off

Molly from Bees Off

She’s also got a cracking sense of humour and was very patient with all Tommy’s (many!) questions – “Why do you have a ladder?” “What are you doing up there?” “Where are the bees going?”. She showed him how he glowed red with her heat sensor, which she uses to determine exactly where the bees are in the chimney. She also uses a special honey bee vacuum, putting the sucked up bees back onto their comb (rubber banded into frames in a nuc) part way through. 

She said this was a whopper of a colony with combs hanging down around four feet, they’d been really thriving up there!  Was a shame to kick them out in a way but I did want to use my fire again! 

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